Sources
1. Ministry of Health and Health Promotion Board, Singapore. National Nutrition Survey 2025, press release, 3 October 2026.
2. Health Promotion Board, Singapore. National Nutrition Survey 2022, press release, 27 September 2023.
3. Salas-Huetos, A., Bulló, M., & Salas-Salvadó, J. (2017). Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients in male fertility parameters and fecundability: a systematic review of observational studies. Human Reproduction Update, 23(4), 371-389. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmx006
4. Salas-Huetos, A., et al. (2018). The effect of nutrients and dietary supplements on sperm quality parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Advances in Nutrition, 9(6), 833-848. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy057
5. Condorelli, R. A., et al. (2012). Urology, 79(6), 1290-1295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2012.03.005
6. Levine, H., et al. (2023). Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries. Human Reproduction Update, 29(2), 157-176. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmac035. 223 studies, samples collected 1973 to 2018; mean sperm concentration 101.2 to 49.0 million per ml.
7. Nassan, F. L., et al. (2020). Association of dietary patterns with testicular function in young Danish men. JAMA Network Open, 3(2), e1921610. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.21610. 2,935 men; median total sperm count 122 million (Western pattern) against 167 million (prudent pattern).
† Heller, C. G., & Clermont, Y. (1963). Spermatogenesis in man: an estimate of its duration. Science, 140(3563), 184-185.
* Per-day price from the 6-month pack ($395 for 180 days). 3-month pack $235 ($2.61 a day). 1-month pack $105 ($3.50 a day).
Dietary supplement. Do not exceed the recommended daily dose. If you are on medication or have a medical condition, consult your doctor before use.




